Archive for February, 2008

Back Pain - Treatment and Prevention

Tuesday, February 5th, 2008

Low back pain is caused by a number of differing factors, most of which are behavioural or environmental. Social and genetic factors also play a role. While most patients seek a single cause for their pain, the source of back pain is mostly multifactorial. The exceptions are patients presenting a clear-cut anatomical reason for back pain such as a herniated disk, tumour, or congenital abnormality.Behavioural factors that contribute to pain in the lower back include poor posture, level of activity and recreational habits. Individuals who are sedentary tend to sit for extended periods and often adopt poor posture when they do so. This places stress on the supportive structures of the back and increases the risk for injury and pain. Highly active people may damage the soft tissues through overuse.Overweight individuals tend to suffer more back pain due to stress on the spine. Lifestyle factors such as smoking and drinking also have an impact on the spine. (Smoking and alcohol consumption constrict the blood vessels that supply the spinal column.) Alcohol also dehydrates the body, making the tissues less resilient.
Occupational stressors such as lifting, bending and standing still for extended periods can give rise to chronic low back pain. Psychological stress from worry, tension and workplace pressures can cause the back muscles to tense up, resulting in strains and sprains. Over time, the tension in the soft tissues causes micro-tearing which gradually wears them down. Back pain is the result of this prolonged physical stress.

Muscle relaxants

Muscle relaxants that address back pain are available as prescription and over-the-counter medications. Prescription medications include Soma® (carisoprodol), Flexeril® (cyclobenzaprine) and Valium® (diazepam). Soma is typically prescribed on a short-term basis and may be habit-forming, particularly if used with alcohol or other drugs that affect the mind. Flexeril may be used on a longer term basis. This drug may impair mental and physical function and can lead to urinary retention in men with enlarged prostates.Valium is usually restricted to one to two weeks of use. Due to this drug’s habit-forming potential, and its propensity to alter the sleep cycle, it is not prescribed for the long-term. Since valium is a depressant, it can worsen the depression often associated with chronic pain.